Egypt · Famous People · Normal
Answer: Muhammad Ali Pasha — Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, consolidated power by eliminating the Mamluk beys at the 1811 Citadel massacre and established a hereditary dynasty that transformed Egypt into a modern centralized state, though technically still an Ottoman province.
Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, consolidated power by eliminating the Mamluk beys at the 1811 Citadel massacre and established a hereditary dynasty that transformed Egypt into a modern centralized state, though technically still an Ottoman province.